The fifth edition of Alistair Lindsay and Alison Berridge’s “EUMR: Substantive Issues” was published by Sweet & Maxwell in July. In a recent review, Mark Furse, Professor of Competition Law and Policy at the University of Glasgow, described the book as “an indispensable authority for those who must work with the detail of the EUMR”. The full review is available at E.C.L.R. 2018, 39(1), 46-47.
The Legal 500 Series, now in its 30th year, recognises the very best law firms, chambers, silks, in-house lawyers, business leaders and general counsel operating within the UK market through its annual awards. Based on months of research, which includes 70,000 interviews with in-house counsel, law firms and sets – the shortlist for 48 practice area awards and the three practice management categories, has just been announced.
Monckton Chambers and its members have been nominated for awards in three of the practice areas. The Set is nominated for two practice areas and five members are shortlisted for individual awards:
EU and competition
Public Law
Tax
In addition, Monckton Chambers has been shortlisted for two of the practice management awards:
The results will be announced on the Legal 500 website and winners invited to a celebratory event on 22nd February 2018.
The shortlists for the Bar awards are available to view here.
The transfer of personal data from EU Member States to third countries such as the United States is prohibited under the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) unless the level of protection afforded by the third country is adequate to provide essentially the same level of protection for personal data that EU citizens enjoy under EU law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. Following the Edward Snowden revelations in 2013 concerning the extent to which the US security services engaged in extensive surveillance programmes of internet and telecommunication systems operated by companies such as Microsoft, Apple, Facebook and others, the European Commission adopted a “Safe Harbour” decision providing for procedures under which such data could be transferred to the US. On foot of a reference made in proceedings brought in Ireland by Max Schrems, the CJEU, in a decision of the 6th of October 2015, declared the Safe Harbour decision of the Commission to be invalid.
The Commission subsequently adopted certain decisions known as the Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC) decisions under which a data exporter in the EU (such as Facebook which transfers its EU customers’ data from Ireland to the US) could lawfully transfer data to countries such as the US if the data exporter and importer put in place an agreement which complied with the relevant SCC. Mr. Schrems reformulated his complaint to the Irish Data Protection Commissioner to the effect that the SCCs, even if complied with, did not in fact afford EU citizens the level of protection required under the Directive in order to comply with Articles 7 (respect for private and family life), 8 (protection of personal data) and 47 (right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial) under the Charter. Having considered his complaint, the Data Protection Commissioner, Helen Dixon, considered that his complaint was well-founded and she brought proceedings before the Irish High Court for the purpose of making a reference to the CJEU to adjudicate on the validity of the SCC Commission decisions. As Mr. Schrems’ complaint related to the transfer of his data by Facebook Ireland Limited to Facebook in the US, she joined Facebook Ireland Limited and Mr. Schrems as defendants. A large number of persons applied to be joined as amici curiae and the High Court joined four parties as amici curiae to the proceedings including the United States of America.
After a five week oral hearing which included evidence from five experts on US law concerning the nature and extent of the level of protection for personal data and remedies for infringements in the US, the High Court (Costello J.) formed the view that there appeared to be well-founded concerns that there is an absence of an effective remedy in US law compatible with the requirements of Article 47 of the Charter for an EU citizen whose data are transferred to the US where the data may be at risk of being accessed and processed by US State agencies for national security purposes in a manner incompatible with Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter. She formed the view that the safeguards purportedly constituted by the SCCs do not appear to address the well-founded objection that there is an absence of a remedy in the US compatible with Article 47 of the Charter, particularly having regard to the standing requirements under US constitutional law.
Costello J. accepted the arguments of the Data Protection Commissioner that she had jurisdiction to make a preliminary ruling on the validity of the SCC decisions; that the court was not obliged to reject the application by reason of the adoption by the Commission of another mechanism for data transfer known as the EU – US Privacy Shield decision; that the Data Protection Commissioner’s well-founded concerns as to the absence of an effective remedy in US law compatible with the requirements of EU law and the Charter were not eliminated by the introduction of the Privacy Shield decision; that an issue also arose as to whether the exceptional discretionary power conferred on the Data Protection Commissioner by Article 28 of the Directive to suspend or ban the transfer of data to a data importer in a third country on the basis of the legal regime in that third country is sufficient to secure the validity of the SCC decisions.
In her judgment she pointed out that “[t]he case raises issues of very major, indeed fundamental, concern to millions of people within the European Union and beyond. First, it is relevant to the data protection rights of millions of residents of the European Union. Secondly, it has implications for billions of euro worth of trade between the EU and the US and, potentially, the EU and other non-EU countries. It also has potentially extremely significant implications for the safety and security of residents within the European Union.”
Following the delivery of the High Court’s decision on the 3rd of October 2017, the Court is shortly due to hear submissions on the form of questions to be referred to the CJEU.
Michael M. Collins SC acted for the Data Protection Commissioner.
Scotch Whisky Association v The Lord Advocate and The Advocate General for Scotland [2017] UKSC 76
The Supreme Court has decided that Scottish legislation which will introduce a minimum price per unit of alcohol does not breach EU free movement of goods law. Any retail seller of alcohol in Scotland will be required to ensure that an alcohol product must not be sold at a price below a statutorily determined minimum price per unit of alcohol. The current proposal is that it should be 50 pence per unit of alcohol.
The proceedings were brought by The Scotch Whisky Association and two Belgian organisations representing spirits and wine exporters. The Scottish and UK Governments were the respondents: the Lord Advocate representing the Scottish Ministers and the Advocate General for Scotland representing the United Kingdom government. The appeal turned on whether the restriction on inter-state trade created by the proposed legislation was justified on public health grounds.
The case discusses an important issue concerning the EU proportionality principle, namely whether a reviewing court should apply a separate “third stage” of balancing of interests (or “proportionality stricto sensu”) in addition to the first two limbs of “suitability” and “necessity”. The Supreme Court held that the Court of Justice had deliberately rejected the idea of a separate third stage, contrary to the view of Advocate General Bot.
The Supreme Court also considered the consequences of the Court of Justice’s ruling in Scotch Whisky on the “time of assessment” in a proportionality case. The Supreme Court considered that as the petitioners were allowed to rely on material not before the decision-maker, it would seem artificial, and even unfair not to allow the respondents to refine the “legitimate aims” previously advanced by reference to new material.
Ultimately, the issue in this case turned on the “necessity” limb of proportionality, and specifically the argument that taxation could achieve the same level of health protection but with less disruption to trade. The Supreme Court held that the court below had been entitled to find that taxation was unable to target the specific group of the drinking population the measure was aimed at as effectively as minimum pricing. It was reasonable to conclude on the basis of the evidence (including new evidence) available that there was no less restrictive measure which would achieve the state’s desired level of health protection equally effectively.
Ian Rogers QC advised various UK Government departments in the proceedings in the Supreme Court, Court of Justice of the European Union and Scottish courts. The Advocate General for Scotland (representing the UK Government) was one of the two respondents to the proceedings.The Supreme Court judgment can be found here.
COMPETITION AND MARKETS AUTHORITY v CONCORDIA INTERNATIONAL RX (UK) LIMITED
On 5 October 2017, the CMA was granted ex parte a warrant under section 28 Competition Act 1998 to search the premises of the pharmaceutical company, Concordia. The basis upon which the warrant was obtained was that there was a risk that documents relevant to an investigation would be destroyed or concealed (section 28(1)(b)(ii)).
The warrant was in relation to an investigation concerning inter alia the drug hydrocortisone. The CMA had been investigating Concordia in respect of an alleged anti-competitive agreement in respect of this drug since April 2016 and had previously served section 26 Notices on Concordia to obtain information. Concordia sought to have the warrant discharged on the basis that there could be no reasonable grounds for suspecting that any documents relating to the investigation would be destroyed or concealed.
The warrant was obtained in part by relying on information which the CMA said was protected by public interest immunity. The issue arose as to whether the CMA could rely on that material for the purposes of Concordia’s challenge to the warrant but not disclose it to Concordia. The CMA relied on authorities relating to criminal warrants which it said supported that approach.
Mr Justice Marcus Smith ruled that such a process would be unfair to Concordia and “would constitute the sort of “closed material” process that (according to the Supreme Court in Al Rawi) ought only to be sanctioned by Parliament.” He distinguished the approach taken to criminal warrants. Consequently, in so far as material was upheld as being subject to PII, it could not be relied on by the CMA at the inter partes hearing for the variation of the warrant. The Judge, agreeing with the CMA, also rejected a suggestion by Concordia that the CMA place the PII material into a confidential ring of external lawyers only.
The Judge made recommendations for the procedure to be adopted when the CMA applies ex parte for a warrant under section 28 and wishes to rely on PII material.
The Judge gave the CMA permission to appeal his decision to the Court of Appeal.
Mark Brealey QC acted for the Defendant, Rob Williams acted for the Claimant.
To read the judgment please click here.
Monckton Chambers is delighted to announce that Alexandra Littlewood and Khatija Hafesji have joined Monckton Chambers on their successful completion of pupillage.
Prior to coming to the Bar, Alexandra Littlewood taught Contract Law at Brasenose College, University of Oxford. She graduated from the University of Oxford (Brasenose College) with a Distinction in the BCL and a First Class degree in Law and French Law. She also holds a Certificat Supérieur de Droit Français et Européen from the Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris II. Alexandra is currently working at the Supreme Court as Judicial Assistant to Lord Reed and Lord Briggs returning Chambers in August 2018.
Khatija Hafesji graduated in History from Cambridge before completing an MPhil Modern Middle Eastern Studies with Arabic at the University of Oxford and a Graduate Diploma in Law at City University. Before coming to the Bar, Khatija spent three years working as an advocate for children in care at the charity Coram Voice. She also undertook research and advisory work for the REES Centre of Fostering and Education at the University of Oxford, the Social Care Institute for Excellence, and the British Library. Khatija volunteered with the charity IPSEA for two years, representing parents and carers at the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SENDist) Tribunal. Khatija is currently the Senior Independent Trustee at Become (formerly the Who Cares? Trust), a charity which represents and supports children in care and care leavers.
Monckton Chambers is delighted to announce that Alexandra Littlewood and Khatija Hafesji have joined Monckton Chambers on their successful completion of pupillage.
Prior to coming to the Bar, Alexandra Littlewood taught Contract Law at Brasenose College, University of Oxford. She graduated from the University of Oxford (Brasenose College) with a Distinction in the BCL and a First Class degree in Law and French Law. She also holds a Certificat Supérieur de Droit Français et Européen from the Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris II. Alexandra is currently working at the Supreme Court as Judicial Assistant to Lord Reed and Lord Briggs returning Chambers in August 2018.
Khatija Hafesji graduated in History from Cambridge before completing an MPhil Modern Middle Eastern Studies with Arabic at the University of Oxford and a Graduate Diploma in Law at City University. Before coming to the Bar, Khatija spent three years working as an advocate for children in care at the charity Coram Voice. She also undertook research and advisory work for the REES Centre of Fostering and Education at the University of Oxford, the Social Care Institute for Excellence, and the British Library. Khatija volunteered with the charity IPSEA for two years, representing parents and carers at the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SENDist) Tribunal. Khatija is currently the Senior Independent Trustee at Become (formerly the Who Cares? Trust), a charity which represents and supports children in care and care leavers.
The recently launched Chambers Bar UK 2018 ranks 47 individual Monckton barristers across17 practice areas with many appearing in multiple categories.
Monckton Chambers is one of the most highly ranked sets in the UK as it has been recommended in eleven practice areas; in six of these, Monckton is recognised as a “Band One” leading set:
The Set has also been ranked in a further five categories:
Individual members were also recognised as “Leading Individuals” in further six categories:
Monckton Chambers is described in the overview of “LEADING SETS BY NUMBER OF RANKINGS“ as follows: Monckton Chambers is renowned for the abilities of its competition and European law-focused barristers, and fields a number of experts in these areas at both the junior and silk level. Commentators make reference to Monckton as the “go-to” and “pre-eminent” chambers for these practice areas, with others drawing attention to its “strength in depth.” Monckton is home to the “stellar” Daniel Beard QC and “compelling advocate” Jon Turner, both of whom are frequently instructed in a range of competition matters and telecoms cases. Several of the set’s barristers have been at the forefront of post-Brexit vote debates and cases, including appearances in R (on the application of Miller and others) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union in the Supreme Court.
Public procurement cases are another mainstay at Monckton, which boasts the “top procurement practitioner at the Bar,” Michael Bowsher QC. The set is also notable for the regular appearances of its members in social care cases, including matters involving disabled and vulnerable adults and children.
In addition, Monckton hosts several experts in indirect tax law, including VAT. Even the clerks at the set, led by senior clerk David Hockney, are the subject of praise. “They go above and beyond,” says a client, continuing: “They do more than just arrange meetings and fees – they actually help us to progress matters.” Clients and instructing solicitors are also ably assisted by receptionist Linda Antonioni, nominated by one source for the title of “the loveliest person in the world.”
Monckton Chambers is also one of only twenty Sets particularly commended for their provision of quality client service in the section UK BAR: CLIENT SERVICE AT THE BAR “The set’s client service is summed up by one solicitor, who says: “the clerking has been absolutely perfect; head clerk David Hockney runs a very sharp operation there. They like to find a way to facilitate all pockets and be pragmatic, and they’re willing to accommodate you which means, in turn, you keep going back for more.” Another satisfied customer commented: “The chambers as a whole is fantastic. The commitment to the best interests of the client is exemplary and the barristers are very ably supported by everyone from the receptionist to the clerks. Monckton is a class act.”
For further details visit the Chambers & Partners website.
Littlewoods Ltd and others v HMRC [2017] UKSC 70
The Supreme Court has handed down judgment in Littlewoods Ltd v HMRC [2017] UKSC 70. The Court has ruled that those claiming refunds of overpaid VAT from HMRC do not have a right to compound interest either under EU law or under the common law; and that interest on such refunds is limited to statutory, simple interest under section 78 of the Value Added Tax Act 1994. The Court held (upholding Vos J and the Court of Appeal, and dismissing Littlewoods’ appeal) that sections 80 and 78 of the 1994 Act exclude any common law cause of action in respect of the time or use value of overpaid VAT (whether compound interest or otherwise). The Supreme Court further held (reversing Henderson J and the Court of Appeal, and allowing HMRC’s appeal) that EU law–in particular, the principle of effectivenessdid not give Littlewoods any EU law right to compound interest; and that the UK’s regime, providing for simple interest did not deprive Littlewoods of “an adequate indemnity for the loss occasioned by undue payment” of the tax. Consequently, the High Court’s 2014 judgments in favour of Littlewoods, totalling approximately £1.25 billion, will be set aside. The Court’s judgment also puts paid to approximately 5,000 other claims, estimated at £17 billion, for compound interest on overpaid VAT. This is an important judgment, not just because of the very large sums involved and number of taxpayers affected, but also for the Supreme Court’s reasoning on the relationship between EU law rights and national law remedies and its conclusion that EU law had not harmonised and did not dictate the content of national law interest remedies.
Andrew Macnab and Peter Mantle of Monckton Chambers (led by Jonathan Swift QC of 11 King’s Bench Walk) represented HMRC.
The judgment can be found here.
Congratulations to Rob Williams, winner of Competition Junior of the Year at this year’s Chambers UK Bar Awards. The awards are based on research for the 2018 edition of Chambers UK Bar reflecting notable achievements over the past 12 months. Monckton Chambers was also shortlisted for the Set award and Tim Ward QC for Silk, in the same category.
